Ama-amino acid, ama-peptide, amaprotheni kanye nama-enzyme wonke ama-biomolecules adlala indima ehlukene emisebenzini yokuphila, kodwa futhi ahlobene eduze futhi ayasebenzisana. Ama-amino acid Ama-amino acid angamayunithi ayisisekelo amaprotheni futhi angamamolekyuli ephilayo abaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni eziphilayo. Iqukethe iqembu le-amino (NH2), iqembu le-carboxyl (COOH), kanye neqembu le-R. Isakhiwo seketango le-peptide lapho ama-amino acid axhunywe komunye nomunye ngamabhondi e-peptide. Ochungechungeni lwe-peptide, iqembu le-carboxyl le-amino acid eyodwa lixhunywe eqenjini le-amino lenye i-amino acid ngebhondi yalo ye-carbon-oxygen. Iziphetho ezimbili zeketango le-peptide zibizwa ngokuthi i-n-terminal kanye ne-C-terminal. Lapho ubude bochungechunge lwe-peptide budlula ama-amino acid ayi-100, kwakheka iketango le-polypeptide. I-Polypeptide ibhekisela ochungechungeni lwe-peptide olwakhiwe ngama-amino acid angu-2-100, amahomoni, ama-enzyme, ama-antibiotics, njll., ama-polypeptides, ngokuvamile alula ukuwahlanganisa nokuwashintsha kunamaprotheni. Amaprotheni amaketanga e-peptide ahlanganisa ngaphezu kwe-100 amino acid futhi anesisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu. Emangqamuzaneni, amaprotheni angasetshenziswa njengezingxenye zesakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-enzyme, amahomoni, izingulube ze-photosynthetic, njll., nazo zenziwe ngamaprotheni. Ama-Enzymes Ama-enzyme angama-catalyst asheshisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali. Ama-molecule akhethekile enziwe ngama-biomolecules afana namaprotheni noma i-RNA futhi avame ukucaciswa kwe-substrate ethile.

Indima yama-amino acid, ama-peptide, amaprotheni nama-enzyme ezitshalweni 1. Ama-amino acid: Ama-amino acid angasetshenziswa njengomthombo wezakhi ezitshalweni ukuthuthukisa ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwazo. Ngemva kokumunca ama-amino acid, izitshalo zingakha ngokushesha amaprotheni, ama-nucleic acid namanye ama-biomolecules, akhuthaza ukuhlukana kwamangqamuzana ezitshalo nokukhula kwezicubu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-amino acid esomiso sezitshalo, usawoti, izinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye nokunye ukucindezeleka kungathuthukisa ukumelana nezitshalo, kukhuthaze ukukhula kwezitshalo. 2. Ama-Polypeptides: Ama-Polypeptides ayingxenye ebalulekile yabalawuli bokukhula kwezitshalo. Ama-Peptide angathinta ukudluliselwa kwesignali ye-intracellular kanye nokukhula nokuthuthuka ngokubophezela kuma-membrane receptors. Isibonelo, i-polypeptide auxin namahomoni e-polypeptide adlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo futhi angakhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo nokukhula kwezimpande. Ama-peptide nawo angadlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikelweni kwamasosha omzimba, njengokukwazi ukunxenxa ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezilwa ne-antioxidant ezitshalweni futhi kuthuthukise ukumelana nezitshalo ezifweni nasezilokazaneni.

3. Amaprotheni: Amaphrotheni asetshenziswa kaningi emkhakheni wokulima. Ngenqubo yokutshala izitshalo, amaprotheni angasetshenziswa njengengxenye yomanyolo ukuze isitshalo simunce futhi sikhuthaze ukukhula kwezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amahomoni amaprotheni kanye ne-auxin nawo adlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwezitshalo. Amaprotheni nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi ku-biopesticide kanye nokuzalanisa ukumelana. 4. Ama-Enzymes: Ama-Enzymes nawo abaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wokulima. Isibonelo, amanye ama-enzyme angathuthukisa ukuvunda komhlabathi nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, okuzuzisa ukukhula nokukhula kwezitshalo. Kukhona futhi ama-enzyme angasetshenziselwa ukuvikela izitshalo kanye nokulawula izinambuzane nezifo zezitshalo, njengama-hydrolases anciphisa ukumelana nezindonga zamaseli ezitshalo, okwenza kungenzeki ukuthi ama-microorganisms nezinambuzane eziyingozi ziphile.