Izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-gluten powder yi-wheat gluten kanye namaprotheni ancibilikayo utshwala, kanye nenani elincane lesitashi, amafutha, amaminerali, njll. (Ithebula 1) . I-wheat gluten iphrotheni eyakhiwe yi-polymerization yamabhondi e-polypeptide ngokusebenzisa amabhondi e-intermolecular disulfide. Inesisindo samangqamuzana amakhulu, ine-fibrous, futhi ixhumene kakhulu ngendlela yamagatsha. Ukwakheka kwawo akuvamile, futhi i-molecule iqukethe izakhiwo eziningi ezigoqiwe ze-β, ezicebile nge-glutamine (Gln) kanye ne-cysteine ??(Cys). Iphrotheni encibilikayo yotshwala iphrotheni ye-monomeric enesisindo se-molecular cishe esingama-35 kD, siyindilinga, ayincibiliki emanzini kanye ne-anhydrous ethanol, kodwa encibilika ku-70% kuya ku-80% wesisombululo se-ethanol. Izici zayo ukuthi inamaketanga amaningi e-proline kanye ne-amide, amaketanga asemaceleni angewona ama-polar amaningi kunamaketanga aseceleni asezindaweni ezishisayo, ayikho isakhiwo se-subunit ngaphakathi kwe-molecule, futhi ayikho izibopho ze-disulfide phakathi kwamaketanga e-peptide. Amaketanga e-peptide eyodwa axhunywe ngamabhondi e-hydrogen, amabhondi e-hydrophobic, namabhondi e-intramolecular disulfide, akha isakhiwo esihlangene esinezinhlangothi ezintathu. Ngaphansi kwezimo eziphansi ze-pH, amaprotheni ancibilikayo ngotshwala angahlukaniswa abe izinhlobo ezine ngokusekelwe ekuhambeni kwawo kwe-electrophoretic: i-alpha, i-beta, i-gamma, ne-omega. Phakathi kwazo, amaprotheni e-alpha alcohol ancibilikayo ane-fluidity ephakeme kakhulu, kuyilapho amaprotheni e-omega alcohol encibilikayo anoketshezi olubi kakhulu.

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