i-fiber yokudla (DF) ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengesigaba sezinhlanganisela ezingakwazi ukugaywa ama-enzyme okugaya komuntu futhi ikakhulukazi akhiwa izinsalela zamangqamuzana ezitshalo ezidliwayo (i-cellulose, i-hemicellulose, i-lignin, njll.) kanye nezinto ezihambisanayo. Ngokuvumelana nokuncibilika kwayo, ingahlukaniswa ibe i-fiber yokudla encibilika emanzini kanye ne-insoluble dietary fiber.

Imicu evamile yokudla encibilika emanzini ngokuyinhloko: i-inulin, i-glucan, isitashi esingazweli, i-chitosan, i-oat β-glucan, i-guar gum, i-sodium alginate, i-fungal polysaccharides, njll.

Ngokuphambene, i-fiber yokudla encibilikayo emanzini ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezinhle zokucubungula kanye nemisebenzi engcono yokuphila, eminyakeni yamuva ekucubunguleni ukudla njenge-thickener, i-ejenti yokwandisa, izithasiselo zokwakhiwa kanye nama-fillers, asetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhiqizeni nasekuthuthukiseni ukudla okunamandla aphansi nokudla okusebenzayo, ukudla okuhlobene ne-fiber yokudla okusekelwe emanzini kunesikhala esikhulu sokuthuthukiswa, amathemba emakethe.

Izakhiwo ze-Physicochemical kanye nemisebenzi ye-fiber yokudla encibilika emanzini

Okokuqala, ukugcinwa kwamanzi aphezulu kanye nokwanda okuphezulu nokusebenza

Kukhona izakhi zofuzo eziningi ze-hydrophilic esakhiweni se-fiber yokudla encibilikayo emanzini, enomuthi oqinile wamanzi, ukugcinwa kwamanzi aphezulu kanye nokwanda okuphezulu. Ingakhuphula umthamo wendle kanye nesivinini sokuzikhulula, inciphise ukucindezelwa kwe-rectum nesistimu yomchamo, ikhulule izimpawu zezifo zesistimu yomchamo njengamatshe e-cystitis esinyeni namatshe ezinso, futhi yenze ubuthi bukhishwe ngokushesha emzimbeni, buvimbele ukuqunjelwa futhi buvimbele umdlavuza wamabele.

Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuphezulu kanye nokuhlakazeka kwe-fiber yokudla kubambezela ukuphuma kwesisu, kwenza isisu sabantu sizizwe sigcwele futhi kunciphisa ukudla okudlayo, okusiza ukuvimbela ukukhuluphala kanye nokuncipha kwesisindo.

Okwesibili, ukusetshenziswa kanye nomsebenzi we-adsorption nokubilisa

Kukhona izakhi zofuzo eziningi ezisebenzayo ebusweni be-fiber yokudla encibilika emanzini, engabilisa futhi imunce ama-molecule e-organic njenge-cholesterol ne-bile acid, ivimbele ukwanda kwe-cholesterol ephelele, inciphise ukuhlanganiswa nokumuncwa kwe-cholesterol yomuntu nosawoti, futhi yehlise i-cholesterol ku-serum yomuntu nesibindi, ukuze kuvinjwe i-atherosclerosis ye-coronary futhi kuvimbele izifo zenhliziyo.

Okwesithathu, ukuvutshelwa nokulungiswa komsebenzi we-intestinal microbiota

I-soluble dietary fiber ingavutshelwa ibe yi-acetic acid, i-lactic acid namanye ama-asidi e-organic ngamabhaktheriya anenzuzo emathunjini amakhulu, inciphise i-PH yamathumbu, ikhuthaze ukukhula kwamagciwane azuzisayo i-bifidobacterium emathunjini, ivimbele i-atrophy yamathumbu emathunjini, futhi igcine ibhalansi nempilo yamagciwane amathumbu. Ama-asidi e-organic akhiqizwa ukuvutshelwa angasheshisa i-peristalsis kanye nokugaya ukudla emgudwini wamathumbu, akhuthaze ukuphuma kwendle, avimbele ubuthi bamathumbu ukuthi buvuse udonga lwamathumbu kanye nobuthi ukuthi buhlale isikhathi eside, futhi buvimbele umdlavuza wekoloni.

4, akukho umnotho wokugcwalisa amandla kanye nokuvimbela umsebenzi wokukhuluphala

I-soluble dietary fiber iyakhula ngemva kokuboshelwa emanzini (amanzi abamba ukumuncwa), adlala indima yokugcwalisa umnotho emathunjini futhi abangele kalula ukusutha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-fiber yokudla iphinde ithinte ukumuncwa nokugaya kwama-carbohydrate atholakalayo nezinye izakhi emathunjini, okwenza futhi abantu bangabi namathuba okulamba. Ngakho-ke i-fiber yokudla inenzuzo kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukukhuluphala.

5.I-Solubility kanye ne-viscosity kanye nemisebenzi yazo

Ifayibha yokudla encibilikayo iyanamathela futhi inethonya elikhulu ku-viscosity yokudla. Ngenxa yokwanda kwe-viscosity, ukuthintana phakathi kokuqukethwe kwamathumbu kanye ne-mucosa yamathumbu kuyancishiswa, ngaleyo ndlela kubambezeleke izinga lokumuncwa, okungase kuzinze izinga likashukela wegazi ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela ngemuva kokudla, kukhuthaze ukukhishwa kwe-insulin kumanyikwe, futhi kube lula ukuhlinzekwa kanye ne-metabolism kashukela. Ukwenyuka kwe-fiber yokudla kungathuthukisa ukuzwela kwezicubu ze-peripheral ku-insulin, ukuze kulawuleke futhi kulawule izinga likashukela egazini leziguli ezinesifo sikashukela.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-fiber yokudla encibilikayo emanzini ekudleni

I-fiber yokudla encibilika emanzini njengohlobo olusha lwefayibha yokudla kanye ne-ejenti yokuqina, i-ejenti yokwandisa, izithasiselo zokwakheka, izigcwalisi, njll., ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kumandla aphansi, i-fiber ephezulu nokunye ukudla okusebenzayo. Ekudleni okune-energy encane, i-fiber yokudla encibilika emanzini ingashintsha kancane noma ngokuphelele ushukela namafutha, kuyilapho inciphisa amandla okudla, ingagcina ukunambitheka kwasekuqaleni nokuthungwa kokudla, futhi ilethe ukunambitheka okwanelisayo. Ngaphezu kwemikhiqizo yezempilo, i-fiber yokudla e-soluble emanzini ene-solubility yayo enhle, ukuzinza, ukunambitheka okunokuthula nezinye izici, esiphuzweni, imikhiqizo yobisi, uswidi, ukubhaka nezinye izinkambu zokudla zinezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo.

Okokuqala, ukusetshenziswa kwe-fiber yokudla encibilikayo emanzini ekudleni kwezempilo

1, ukusetshenziswa kokudla okunempilo kubantu abanesifo sikashukela Isifo sikashukela yisifo esibangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-insulin ngokuphelele noma isihlobo, esibonakaliswa ukuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic kwama-carbohydrate, amafutha, amaprotheni, amanzi nama-electrolyte. I-fiber yokudla encibilika emanzini ingabambezela ukuphuma kwesisu, yakhe ulwelwesi lwamafinyila emathunjini, futhi ibambezele ukugayeka kokudla kanye nokumuncwa kwemisoco yokudla. Ngale ndlela, ushukela egazini ungakhula kancane kancane, noma i-insulin ayanele kancane, futhi ukugcwala kushukela wegazi ngeke kwenyuke ngokushesha.

Ngasikhathi sinye, i-fiber yokudla encibilikayo emanzini nayo inomphumela wokuvimbela ukukhiqizwa kwe-glucagon. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi ngemva kokuba i-fiber yokudla yengezwe ekudleni, i-glucose yokuzila ukudla yehla isuka ku-(9.84 ±3.51) mmol/L yaya ku-(6.82±2.65) mmol/L, kanye ne-2h postprandial blood glucose yehla isuka ku-(13.08±5.12) mmol/L yaya ku-10.57± 4.64 mmol/L. Imikhiqizo ethuthukisiwe efana ne-fiber softgel encibilikayo emanzini, isiraphu ye-fructan, njll.

2.Ukusetshenziswa kwefayibha yokudla encibilika Amanzi ekudleni okunempilo kubantu abanokuqunjelwa Ifayibha yokudla encibilika emanzini isetshenziswa kakhulu ekudleni okunempilo elawula ibhalansi ye-microecological futhi imanzise ukuxega kwamathumbu. Lapho kuthathwa i-fiber yokudla encibilikayo emanzini, ikhuthaza amagciwane anenzuzo njenge-bifidobacterium yamathumbu kanye ne-Lactobacillus, futhi ikhiqiza inqwaba yama-fatty acids ama-short-chain, njenge-acetic acid, i-acetic acid, i-folic acid ne-lactic acid, eshintsha i-pH yamathumbu futhi ithuthukise indawo yokuzalanisa yamagciwane azuzisayo. Ngakho-ke ukusheshisa i-peristalsis yamathumbu, ukuze indle ikhishwe kahle.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-fiber yokudla encibilikayo emanzini emikhiqizweni yobisi

1, ukusetshenziswa kwe-fiber yokudla encibilikayo emanzini kumpushana wobisi

I-fiber yokudla encibilika emanzini ifaneleka kakhulu ukwengezwa kumpushana wobisi ukuze kukhiqizwe impushana yobisi oluyimpushana yezingane kanye nobisi oluyimpushana yabadala. Umsebenzi wokugaya ukudla kwezinsana kanye nabantu abaneminyaka ephakathi nasebekhulile awumuhle kakhulu, futhi kulula ukuntula i-calcium. I-fiber yokudla encibilika emanzini inomphumela wokumanzisa amathumbu, wehlise i-lipids egazini, wehlise ushukela osegazini, futhi ukhuthaze ukumuncwa kwezakhi zamaminerali. Inani elingeziwe le-fiber yokudla encibilikayo emanzini ku-powder yobisi yi-5% ~ 10%, futhi indlela yokwengeza iwukwengeza i-fiber yokudla encibilikayo emanzini ngaphambi kwe-homogenization ye-milk concentrate, nezinye izinqubo zihlala zingashintshi; Noma engeza ubisi oluyimpushana ngqo ngemva kokuhlanganisa, gubungula kahle.

2, ukusetshenziswa kwe-fiber yokudla encibilikayo emanzini ku-yogurt evutshiwe

Iyogathi ingenye yemikhiqizo yobisi ekhula ngokushesha, futhi ingenye yeziphuzo zobisi ezidume kakhulu emikhiqizweni yobisi enempilo. Eminyakeni yamuva, imikhiqizo ye-yogurt ene-fiber ephezulu ithandwa kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwefomula yemikhiqizo yeyogathi ene-fiber ephezulu yile: ubisi olusha lwekhwalithi ephezulu 80%, ubisi oluphelele lwempushana 3%, isiraphu yommbila ephezulu ye-fructose (71%) 3%, i-sucrose 2%, amanzi 10%, i-fiber encibilikayo emanzini 6%, isiko lokuqala 2.5%, i-stabilizer 0.2%.

3, ukusetshenziswa kwe-fiber yokudla encibilikayo emanzini esiphuzweni sobisi olunomsoco Isiphuzo sobisi olunambithekayo sesivele iminyaka eminingi ezimakethe zasekhaya nezangaphandle, ngoba sinephunga lenhlaka yempepho, kodwa futhi ne-flavour yezithelo, ukuhlanganiswa kwama-flavour amabili kwenza ukunambitheka kwesiphuzo sobisi olunomsoco kuhluke, kuhlanganiswe nokudla okuthile, ngakho-ke kwamukelwe iningi lezingane kanye nabesifazane abasebasha, ikakhulukazi izingane. Ukwengeza i-fiber yokudla encibilika emanzini eziphuzweni zobisi ezinongiwe kungakhuphula kakhulu umsoco kanye nomsebenzi wezempilo weziphuzo zobisi.

Ukwakhiwa kwefomula (ukuthatha isiphuzo sobisi olunomsoco we-chocolate njengesibonelo) yilokhu: ubisi oluluhlaza (impusha yobisi) 80% ~ 90% (9% ~ 12%), isiraphu yommbila ephezulu ye-fructose (71%) 6% ~ 8%, sucrose 4% ~ 6%, i-fiber yokudla encibilikayo emanzini 6% ~ 8%, 0% cocoa, 2%, i-cocoa 2%. inani elifanele le-vananthine, inani elifanele lokunambitheka, inani elifanele le-pigment. 4, ukusetshenziswa kwe-fiber yokudla encibilikayo emanzini eziphuzweni zamagciwane e-lactic acid, eyaziwa nangokuthi iziphuzo zobisi oluvutshiwe, ngokuvamile ubisi noma impushana yobisi, ubisi lwesitshalo sephrotheni (umpusha), ujusi wezithelo nemifino, ushukela njengezinto ezingavuthiwe, ngokungeza noma ngaphandle kokwengeza izithasiselo zokudla nezinto ezisizayo, ngemva kokuvala inzalo, ukupholisa, ukujova i-lactic acid bactericiation - isiqalisi esisebenzayo se-lactic acid bactericidal (bactericidal) isiphuzo esibuye sihlanjululwe. Nakuba isiphuzo sebhaktheriya esisebenzayo siqukethe inani elithile lamabhaktheriya anenzuzo, kukhona amagciwane ambalwa anenzuzo asele ngemva komgudu wokugaya ukudla komuntu, futhi umsebenzi wawo wezempilo wokudla okunomsoco uyancipha kakhulu. Umsebenzi wokudla okunomsoco kanye nempilo weziphuzo zebhaktheriya ezingasebenzi ulinganiselwe kakhulu.

Uzithuthukisa kanjani izingxenye zokudla okunomsoco nezisebenzayo zesiphuzo se-lactic acid bacteria kuyinkinga enzima phambi kwayo yonke ibhizinisi elikhiqiza isiphuzo sobisi. I-fiber yokudla encibilika emanzini nomthelela wayo wokunakekelwa kwezempilo osezingeni eliphezulu ezinkampanini eziningi ezikhiqiza isiphuzo sobisi ukuze inikeze ukukhetha okuhle, ilethe ithemba elisha. Idizayini yefomula: iyogathi 30%, isiraphu ephezulu ye-fructose (71%) 8%, i-sucrose 2%, i-fiber yokudla encibilika emanzini 6%, i-pectin 0.4%, ijusi (6%) 45%, i-lactic acid 0.1%, i-essence 0.1%, amanzi 47.4%.

Okwesithathu, ukusetshenziswa kwe-fiber yokudla encibilikayo emanzini eziphuzweni

Iziphuzo ze-fiber yokudla ziyiziphuzo ezisebenzayo ezidumile eNtshonalanga. Ingaqeda ukoma, igcwalise amanzi, futhi inikeze i-fiber yokudla edingwa umzimba womuntu. Imikhiqizo enjalo, ikakhulukazi i-fiber yokudla encibilikayo emanzini, ithandwa kakhulu emazweni athuthukile njengaseYurophu, e-United States naseJapane. Isibonelo, inkampani yaseJapane i-Coca-Cola ikhiqiza amanzi amaminerali aqukethe i-fiber yokudla, ethandwa kakhulu eJapane; Ngaphezu kwalokho, ijusi lewolintshi eline-fiber ephezulu kanye netiye eline-fiber ephezulu nakho kujwayelekile emazweni aseNtshonalanga Yurophu nase-United States; Njengamanje, iNkampani ye-Huiyuan yasekhaya ithuthukise futhi yakhiqiza ijusi ene-fiber ephezulu, kanti i-Beijing Sanyuan Dairy yethule ubisi olune-fiber ephezulu.

Ukuphuza isikhathi eside kungenza amathumbu akhululeke, kuvimbele ukuqunjelwa, futhi kunganciphisa i-cholesterol, kulawule i-lipids egazini, ushukela osegazini, kusize ukwehlisa isisindo, kulungele ikakhulukazi abantu abaneminyaka ephakathi nendawo kanye nabantu asebekhulile, iziguli ezinesifo sikashukela kanye nabantu abakhuluphele ukuba baphuze. Isetshenziswa eziphuzweni, izici zimi kanje:

I-1.Ukuphuza iziphuzo nge-fiber yokudla encibilikayo emanzini kungathuthukisa umuzwa wokusutha futhi kunciphise ukuthathwa kwezinto ze-caloric ngenkathi kudonsa imisoco ehlukahlukene. Ukuphuza isikhathi eside kungasiza kakhulu ekulawuleni ukwehla kwesisindo somzimba, ikakhulukazi kubantu abaneminyaka ephakathi nendawo kanye nabantu abasha abakhuluphele.

B, ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwe-fiber yokudla encibilikayo emanzini esiphuzweni, ezinye izinhlayiya ezisesiphuzweni zingasatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo esixazululweni, okungekho lula ukuhlehlisa nokuhlukanisa.

Okwesine, isicelo ekudleni kwezinsana

Ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokulunyulwa, i-bifidobacteria emzimbeni iyancipha kakhulu, okuholela esikhumbeni se-anorexia, ukukhubazeka kokukhula, nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-fiber yokudla encibilika emanzini kungathuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwemisoco futhi kukhuthaze ukumuncwa kwezakhi zokulandelela ezifana ne-calcium, insimbi ne-zinc.

Okwesihlanu, isicelo kuswidi

Esikhathini esizayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-confectionery kancane kancane kuvame ukuba ushukela ophansi kanye namafutha aphansi, futhi ithuthuka ekuqondeni kokubili okumnandi nokunomsoco. Emazweni athuthukile, isabelo semakethe se-confectionery esinamandla amancane sikhuphuka unyaka nonyaka, okubonisa umfutho walo oqinile wokubusa yonke imakethe yamaswidi. I-fiber yokudla encibilikayo emanzini, njengesithako esikhulu ekudleni okungenamandla amancane, iwusizo kakhulu emakethe ye-confectionery.

I-fiber yokudla encibilika emanzini (i-Polydextrose) ingasetshenziswa kukho konke ukwakheka kwe-confectionery ukuze kuthathelwe indawo isiraphu ye-glucose, futhi ingasetshenziswa kanye nezinye izithako ezinoshukela esikhundleni se-sucrose.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-fiber yokudla encibilikayo emanzini emikhiqizweni yenyama

Ngokungeza i-fiber yokudla encibilika emanzini emikhiqizweni yenyama, i-fiber yokudla isebenzisana namaprotheni ukuze kwakheke ijeli ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa ngosawoti kanye nesibopho se-hydrophobic. I-complex eyakhiwe ngokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-soluble dietary fiber kanye namaprotheni kuwuhlobo olusha lwejeli.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fiber yokudla ingakwazi futhi ukumunca izinto ezinephunga elimnandi ukuvimbela ukuguquguquka kwezinto ezinuka kamnandi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fiber yokudla iphinde ibe indawo enhle kakhulu yamafutha, engakhiqiza isoseji ye-ham enomsebenzi wezempilo wamaprotheni aphezulu, i-fiber yokudla ephezulu, amafutha aphansi, usawoti ophansi kanye nekhalori ephansi.

I-fibre yokudla eyisikhombisa, encibilika emanzini ekusetshenzisweni kwemikhiqizo kafulawa

1.Ukufaka isinkwa, isinkwa esishuthiwe, irayisi nama-noodle

Isinkwa sesiphenduke ukudla okudumile emhlabeni wonke, ngevolumu enkulu yokuthengisa. EYurophu nase-United States, i-fiber yokudla yengezwa ezinkweni eziningi ngamazinga ahlukahlukene, futhi ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi ukwengeza izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-fiber yokudla kungandisa futhi kuthuthukise umbala wesinkwa. Ukwengeza i-fiber yokudla esinkwa esishisayo, inani elijwayelekile lokwengezwa ngu-3% kuya ku-6% kafulawa lifaneleka kakhulu. Ukwengezwa kwe-fiber yokudla kungaqinisa amandla enhlama, futhi i-bun e-steamed inokunambitheka okuhle kanye nokunambitheka okukhethekile.

Ukwengezwa kwerayisi nakho kunokunambitheka okuhle kwephunga elimnandi, futhi ukwengezwa okujwayelekile kwe-fiber yokudla kulokhu kudla okubili okuyisisekelo kuzoba yinzuzo empilweni yabantu abaningi. Ngokungeziwe ku-fiber yokudla kuma-noodle, inani elifanelekile elijwayelekile lingama-3% ukuya ku-6%. Kodwa-ke, umthelela wezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-fiber uhlukile, futhi amanye amandla ama-noodle aluhlaza aba buthaka ngemva kokufakwa, kodwa amandla ayakhula ngemva kokupheka, futhi ama-noodle ngemva kokwengezwa ngokuvamile awukuqina okuhle nokumelana nokupheka. Isihluthulelo sobuchwepheshe bokwengeza ama-noodle ukwazi kahle inani le-fiber eyengeziwe kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla.

2.Ukufaka isicelo kumakhukhi namakhekhe

Ukubhaka amabhisikidi kunezidingo eziphansi kakhulu ngekhwalithi yamandla kafulawa, futhi kulula ukwengeza i-fiber yokudla ngenani elikhulu, ngakho-ke kulungele ukukhiqizwa kwamabhisikidi ezempilo ahlukahlukene ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kwe-fiber. Amakhekhe aqukethe amanzi amaningi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, azoqina abe yimikhiqizo ethambile futhi athinte ikhwalithi uma ebhakwa. I-fiber yokudla encibilika emanzini engezwe ekhekheni ingagcina umkhiqizo uthambile futhi unomswakama, yandise impilo yeshalofu futhi yandise isikhathi sokugcina ishalofu.

8.Ukudla kwezemidlalo

Ifayibha yokudla inokugcinwa kwamanzi amaningi, ivolumu encane uma kuqhathaniswa, kanye nevolumu enkulu ngemva kokumuncwa kwamanzi, okunomthelela wevolumu epheshaneni lamathumbu futhi ikhiqize umuzwa wokusutha, futhi inganciphisa inani likashukela egazini ngemva kokudla i-fiber yokudla, ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhululwa kancane kwamandla. Ngokusekelwe kulezi zici ezimbili, ukudla kwezemidlalo kwenziwa, okudliwa ngaphambi nangemva kokuqina noma ukuhlanganyela kwezemidlalo.

Isishiyagalolunye, ukudla okuqandisiwe

Khulisa uhlobo lweqembu kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi kwemikhiqizo. Indlela yokwengeza: Ngokwesilinganiso esingu-1% yenani eliphelele lempahla ecwilayo, engeza izikhathi ezi-3-5 kunesisindo samanzi e-fiber yokudla, bese ugoqoza kahle ngezinto ezizikayo.

Eziyishumi, emikhiqizweni yesoso

Ukumuncwa okuhle kwamanzi nokugcinwa kwamanzi, kwandisa i-viscosity yejusi yomkhiqizo, kuthuthukisa izakhiwo zezinzwa, umfaniswano, akukho stratification.