I-Sucralose ithatha indawo kashukela. Kuyi-sweetener yokwenziwa esetshenziswa kakhulu. Abantu bavame ukudonsela ezintweni ezithatha indawo kashukela ngoba zinikeza ubumnandi kodwa aziqukethe ikhalori etholakala kushukela wethebula. I-Sucralose ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesithako ekudleni naseziphuzweni, ngokuvamile ezithengiswa njengokuthi "okungafaki ushukela" noma "ukuncipha kwesisindo" ukuze kuncishiswe inani eliphelele lekhalori.

Yini i-sucralose?

I-Sucralose iyi-sweetener yokwenziwa esetshenziswa kabanzi engangondleki, i-zero-calorie. I-Sucralose ihlanganiswa ngokuzenzela kusuka kushukela wetafula (ushukela wetafula) ngenqubo yezinyathelo eziningi ekhetha ngokukhethayo esikhundleni samaqembu amathathu e-hydroxyl ku-molecule kashukela ngama-athomu amathathu e-chlorine. Kamuva, yahlanzwa yaba cishe ngama-98%. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-sucralose imnandi izikhathi ezingama-600 kunoshukela wetafula. Umkhiqizo wokugcina uyi-sweetener yokwenziwa emhlophe, eyikristalu, esebenza kahle kakhulu encibilika kakhulu emanzini. Ukuncibilika okuphezulu kwe-Sucralose emanzini kuyenza ilungele ukufakwa ekudleni okuhlukahlukene okugayiwe: izimpahla ezibhakiwe, iziphuzo, ushingamu, i-gelatin, nama-dessert obisi aqandisiwe. Abantu abafuna amanye ama-sweeteners ngokuvamile bakhetha i-sucralose kunezinye izishukela zokwenziwa njenge-aspartame ne-saccharin. Njengokususelwe kushukela wetafula, i-sucralose igcina ukunambitheka kwayo okujwayelekile "okufana noshukela", kuyilapho ingenayo i-aftertaste ebabayo evamile kwezinye izinto ezithatha indawo kashukela. Ubumnandi obunamandla be-sucralose buvumela inani elincane ukuthi lihambe ibanga elide, okwenza kube ukukhetha okudumile kokudla okunama-calorie aphansi. Ukumuncwa kwe-sucralose emgudwini wesisu kuncane, futhi indlela eyinhloko yokukhipha i-sucralose engashintshiwe esitokisini. Ngakho-ke, ayikho inqubo ye-catabolic (ukuqhekeka), eqinisekisa ukuthi i-sucralose ayiwona umthombo wamandla kanye/noma ama-calories. Isimo Sokuvunyelwa kanye nokulawulwa kwe-sucralose sagunyazwa okokuqala ukuthi sisetshenziswe e-Canada ngo-1991, kwalandelwa yi-Australia ngo-1993 kanye ne-New Zealand ngo-1996. Ngo-1998, i-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yagunyaza i-sucralose ukuthi isetshenziswe ezigabeni eziyi-15 zokudla nesiphuzo, futhi yandisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo njenge-sucralose yenjongo evamile njenge-sweetener eyi-199 egunyazwe ukudla. i-additive ku-European Union ngo-2004. I-FDA ilawula i-sucralose njengesengezo sokudla. Ngaphansi kwe-federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, amaswidi kufanele aphephe ukudliwa. Ukunqunywa kokuphepha kwe-FDA kusekelwe ocwaningweni olunzulu lwezilwane kanye nezivivinyo zomtholampilo ezihlola ubuthi, i-teratogenicity (ikhono lokubangela ukukhubazeka kwengane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa), kanye ne-carcinogenicity. Ngokwezincomo ze-FDA, izinga elamukelekayo lokuthathwa kwansuku zonke (ADI) le-sucralose e-United States libekwe ku-5 mg/kg isisindo somzimba ngosuku (mg/kg/ ngosuku). Izinzuzo ezingaba khona zokusebenzisa i-sucralose ekulawuleni isisindo ngaphandle kwekhalori

Ngokungafani noshukela wetafula, i-sucralose ayigayiwe noma iphukile emgudwini wamathumbu futhi ayisebenzi njengophethiloli wekhalori emizimbeni yethu. Ngakho-ke i-Sucralose iyinketho ethandwayo kubantu abafuna ukufaka ushukela wetafula (ithisipuni elingu-1 noma cishe amagremu angu-4.2 kashukela wetafula aqukethe ama-calories angu-16) futhi anciphise ukusetshenziswa kwekhalori okuphelele. Ngokufaka i-sucralose ekudleni kwabo, abantu bangahlangabezana nezidingo zabo ezimnandi ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngama-calories engeziwe, okubalulekile ekulawuleni isisindo.

Ifanele ukuphathwa kwesifo sikashukela

I-Sucralose ayenziwa imizimba yethu ibe namandla futhi ayibangeli ukwanda kwamazinga kashukela egazini (6). Ngokusekelwe ezifundweni zomtholampilo ze-sucralose kubantu abanesifo sikashukela, i-FDA iphethe ngokuthi i-sucralose ayithinti kabi ukulawula ushukela wegazi wesikhashana kubantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uchungechunge lwezifundo zomtholampilo lubonise ukuthi i-sucralose ayithinti i-glucose homeostasis yesikhathi eside (njengoba ilinganiswa nge-HbA1c glycosylation) ezigulini ezinesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ngakho-ke, i-sucralose iyindlela ephephile ye-sweetener yabantu abanesifo sikashukela abagcina ukudla okune-carb ephansi. Kodwa-ke, njenganoma yikuphi ukukhetha kokudla, abantu abanesifo sikashukela kufanele babonane nodokotela wabo wezokwelapha ohlanganisayo noma osebenzayo ukuze bathole uhlelo lokudla komuntu siqu ngenkathi beqapha ubungozi be-hypoglycemia ekuthathweni kwe-sucralose. Izinkinga zempilo ezingaba khona kanye nemiphumela engemihle Nakuba i-sucralose iye yabuyekezwa ukuze ivikeleke ngabalawuli, ukuphepha kwe-sucralose kanye nemiphumela yayo yezempilo engaba khona kuvame ukuphikiswana ngakho. Ikakhulukazi, izifundo zobuthi ezihlola imiphumela yokulawulwa kwe-glucose, i-neurotoxicity, kanye ne-carcinogenicity ezilwaneni zivame ukuvusa ukuqagela.

Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi ama-sweeteners okwenziwa, okubandakanya i-sucralose, ashukumisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin ngama-sweet receptors avezwa kumaseli e-beta kumanyikwe, ikakhulukazi lapho ingekho i-glucose. I-Sucralose nayo ikhonjiswe ukuthi yenza ukukhiqizwa kwe-GLP-1. I-GLP-1 ibalulekile ku-glucose homeostasis futhi ngokuvamile ithuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin elawulwa yi-glucose. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukukhuphuka kwamazinga e-insulin egazini ngemuva kokuchayeka ku-sucralose kungagcina kuholele ekwandeni kwe-insulin ngenxa yokuncipha komsebenzi wama-receptors. I-glucose homeostasis ekhubazekile (ukulawulwa kwamazinga kashukela egazini) kanye nokuncipha kokuzwela kwe-insulin yizici ezibalulekile ezihlobene nokuphazamiseka kwe-metabolic. Ukungakwazi okuphikelelayo ukufaka kabusha i-glucose ngempumelelo kuphazamisa ukulawulwa kukashukela egazini futhi kuholela ekuthuthukisweni okulandelayo kwezifo ze-metabolic ezifana nesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, ukukhuluphala, kanye ne-dyslipidemia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingozi yokuthuthukisa isifo senhliziyo iyanda kakhulu. Imithelela empilweni yamathumbu kanye ne-microbiome I-Sucralose ithathwa njenge "inert metabolically" ngoba ayimuncwa kodwa ikhishwa iphelele esitulweni. Lokhu kwenza kube mancane amathuba okuba i-substrate ye-gut microbiome. Kodwa-ke, kunobufakazi bokuthi ukuchayeka kwe-sucralose kungashintsha ngokungaqondile i-gut microbiota yethu ngokulawulwa koshukela wegazi okuphazamisekile noma impendulo engaba yi-immune-mediated. Ucwaningo lwezilwane eziningi luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-sweetener non-nutritive (NNS) kungabangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-microbiome yamathumbu; Ibonise inala ekhulayo yamabhaktheriya e-pathogenic kanye nokuncipha kwenala yamagciwane azuzisa amathumbu. Kodwa-ke, ukudluliswa kwedatha yezilwane kubantu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, njengoba ukusebenza kwazo empilweni yabantu nasezifweni kungase kube nomkhawulo. Ukuhlolwa komtholampilo okuklanyelwe ukuphenya imiphumela yesikhashana (izinsuku eziyi-14 zokulindela okomile) kwe-sucralose ku-glucose metabolism kuphinde kwahlola imiphumela yokuphindwaphindwa kwansuku zonke kwe-NNS ku-gut microbiota. Ucwaningo luphethe ngokuthi i-sucralose ayizange ibangele izinguquko ezinkulu ekunothweni kwe-gut microbiota noma ukulingana. Ngokuphambene, esinye isilingo esilawulwa ngokungahleliwe sesikhashana sabonisa ukuthi ukwesekwa kokudla nge-NNS kungathinta amandla okusebenza kwe-microbiome yomuntu, ne-sucralose ibe nomthelela obaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi zombili izivivinyo zomtholampilo zihlole imiphumela ye-NNS supplementation yesikhathi esifushane (kuhlanganise ne-sucralose), kanye nezikhathi zokuchayeka ezinde ziyadingeka ukuze kuqondwe ngokugcwele imiphumela yezempilo ye-NNS supplementation ku-gut microbiome yomuntu. Imiphumela yesikhathi eside ye-sucralose nenye i-NNS ku-human gut microbiome iyindawo yocwaningo oluqhubekayo.

Izici zemizwa nokulawulwa kwesifiso sokudla Nakuba i-sucralose ithathwa njengengenawo amakhalori, ivuselela ama-receptors ukunambitheka okumnandi, ingenise ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin kumanyikwe, futhi iqala ukwehla kwe-metabolic elingisa isimo sokudla. Uma i-glucose ingekho, ukugcinwa njalo kwe-insulin kubuyisela ibhalansi yethu ye-metabolic kanye namakhemikhali obuchopho. Ama-taste buds ethu akhohliswa ukuba acabange ukuthi sidla ushukela wangempela. Esivivinyweni esingahleliwe se-crossover, ababambiqhaza besifazane abakhuluphele babonise umsebenzi owandayo ezindaweni zobuchopho ezihlobene nokuphendula kwe-cue yokudla kanye nokucubungula umvuzo, okuholela ekwandeni kwe-caloric yokudla kulandela ukusetshenziswa kwe-sucralose. Lolu cwaningo lunikeza ubufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda bokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-sucralose nezinye izinto ezinoshukela okwenziwa kuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kwesifiso sokudla nokulangazelela, ukudla ngokweqile, kanye nokuzuza kwesisindo nokukhuluphala okwalandela.